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Genetic diversity identification is an important step for plant breeding procedure. Triticum urartu as the A-genome donor of wheat, is a valuable source for wheat breeding due to its rich allelic diversity for important traits such as agronomic characteristics, protein quality and biotic stress tolerance. In this study, the genetic diversity and population structure of 85 T.urartu accessions collected from different geographic regions of Iran were investigated using ISSR markers. 16 ISSR primers generated 164 fragments which all were polymorphic. The average of polymorphism information content (PIC) and marker index (MI) were 0.44 and 4.53 respectively, revealed a high resolving power of ISSR primers. The dendrogram generated using the NJ algorithm based on Jaccard’s dissimilarity coefficient, classified all 85 accessions into two main groups which was confirmed by Structure analysis. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed a higher distribution of genetic diversity within populations (96%), than between them (4%) and according to the diversity indexes including number of effective alleles (Ne), Shannon’s index(I) and Nei’s gene diversity (He), there were an equal variation within seven investigated populations. The results showed a high amount of genetic variation among tested accessions, which provide further insights into conservation and future utilization of wild wheat resources. Besides, these results confirmed the efficiency of ISSR markers as reliable technique in estimating the genetic diversity and fingerprinting.

Keywords: Genetic erosion, Genetic diversity, Wheat, Wild relatives, Molecular markers

     

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