In this study, phylogenetic and evolutionary relationships between wild and cultivated species of  Triticum L. and Aegilops L., were studied using karyotype analysis. For each population, three metaphase cells was prepared and karyotype traits were calculated. A significant difference was observed between the species for all the traits evaluated. The results showed that the Triticum L. and Ae. speltoides have higher chromosomes than other species.  Ae. umbllulata revealed the highest ratio of the arms and the lowest centromeric index. Cluster analysis of species based on karyotypic traits was able to distinguish species of the Aegilops L. and Triticum L. Although Ae. speltoides were placed in Triticum L. cluster. The species were classified in different subgroups according to their genome. Based on discriminant analysis, genotypes of Ae. tauschii, Ae. umbllulata, Ae. triuncialis, Ae. cylindrical, T. aestivum  and T. turgidum were completely separated. In general, Aegilops species had more developed karyotypes.

Keywords: Evolution, karyotype, chromosome, Aegilops, Triticum.

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